Edamame is a short-sunshine thermophilic crop. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 10-11 C, 20-22 C, and the optimum temperature for plant growth and flowering and fruiting is 20-25 C. When the temperature was lower than 14 C, the plants could not blossom. Most cultivars can promote flowering and inhibit growth in 12 hours of light, but the response of different cultivars to short sunshine is different, which can be divided into three categories: weak, medium and strong in short sunshine. Limited growth types and early-maturing varieties planted in the south do not require strict sunshine length. Planting in spring, summer and autumn can blossom and bear pods. Bean seeds with dense flowers and pods, large grains, sweet and waxy taste and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
In order to select a good variety for growing soybean, it is necessary to select a variety with early maturity and more branches. Southern species are generally limited growth type, early-maturing varieties, light requirements are not strict; northern species are generally infinite growth type, late-maturing varieties. Therefore, when the northern species move southward, they tend to blossom ahead of time, while the southern species move northward, they tend to have luxuriant branches and leaves, delaying flowering. Special attention should be paid to seed selection. Mao bean production can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. Generally, spring sowing can be sown in February-March, seedling raising or direct sowing, summer sowing in April-June and autumn sowing in August. According to different seasonal temperature and light conditions, early, middle and late maturing varieties should be selected, especially the response of varieties to light length should be considered.
In the cultivation season, the sowing date of soybean varies according to the cultivation purposes and varieties. The Yangtze River Basin can be divided into early and middle-late soybean varieties, and early maturity and common cultivation can be found in early soybean varieties.
(l) Cold-bed seedling cultivation is generally used in early-maturing cultivation from late February to early March, planting in late March, harvesting tender pods in June and July, using April white and May white, and direct seeding in early and middle April using May white or May black.
(2) Mid-late maturity cultivation mid-maturity summer planting in late April to mid-May live sowing, July-August harvest, using June white or June yellow. The autumn late-maturing cultivation is sown live in June-July, harvested in late September-October, and the autumn sowing in South China can be postponed to July-August, and harvested in September-November. For example, August white and Hangzhou spicy green beans.
According to the characteristics of different varieties, early, middle and late maturing varieties can be selected to match each other, so that spring, summer and autumn production can be realized, and the supply period can be prolonged. In order to supply the market equally, timely sowing must be sown in stages and harvested in batches, so as to improve economic benefits. As for the number of batches, how long is the interval between sowing, according to the planting area, product market volume, marketing dynamics and production and marketing capabilities and flexible grasp, scientific arrangements.